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Alfred Harmsworth (Lord Northcliffe)
Publisher of the Daily Mail and The Daily Mirror. (1865-1921)
Allan Ramsay
Painter also noted for writing political pamphlets defending King George III. (1713-1784)
Angus Reach
Journalist for the Morning Chronicle in London, writer for Punch Magazine and joint editor of the journal, The Man in the Moon. Includes excerpts from his writing, biography and photo.
Annie Besant
Noted Socalist, women's rights, and trade union activist during the late 1800's and early 1900's. Member of the Secular Society; wrote and published her own book advocating birth control entitled The Laws of Population.
Archibald Prentice
Political journalist, author, and owner or editor of several Manchester-based radical journals.
Beatrice Webb
Writer of such books as The History of Trade Unionism and Industrial Democracy. She also helped found the London School of Economics and Political Science. Includes detailed history and accomplishments. (1858 - 1943)
Bernard Partridge
Cartoonist noted for strong conservative political views. (1861-1945)
Blackwood's Magazine
Strongly conservative monthly periodical published from 1817 to 1980.
Blanchard Jerrold
Playwright, journalist, and editor of Lloyd's Weekly. (1826-1884)
Celia Fiennes
Maintained a journal of travels across England that was later published in book form. (1662-1741)
Charles Bradlaugh
Recognized as one of the leading freethinkers in Britain. Helped to establish the radical journal, The National Reformer in 1860. (1833-1891)
Charles Dickens
Noted novelist. Contributor of reformist political articles to newspapers including the True Sun. Established and edited several periodicals including the Daily News, Household Words, and All the Year Round.
Charles Keene
Illustrator for publications including the Ilustrated London News, Punch, and Once a Week. (1823-1891)
Charles Lamb
Contributor to periodicals including the Morning Chronicle, Morning Post, and The Quarterly Review. (1775-1834)
Charles Mackay
Journalist, poet, and assistant editor of the Morning Chronicle. (1814-1889)
Charles Masterman
Writer and politician. He wrote books such as From the Abyss and The Condition of England and served terms in both local and national governments. Includes brief history and accomplishments. (1873-1927)
Charles Wentworth Dilke
Liberal author and journalist. (1789-1864)
Daniel Defoe
Novelist and political journalist. Published over 560 books and pamphlets and is considered to be the founder of British journalism. Includes short biography. (1660-1731)
David Low
Biography of journalist David Low and bibliography including comments on each work.
David Octavius Hill
Biography of journalist David Octavius Hill and bibliography including comments on each work.
Edith Nesbit
Biography of writer Edith Nesbit and bibliography including comments on each work.
Edward Baines Jr.
Biography of journalist Edward Baines Jr. and bibliography including comments on each work.
Elizabeth Thompson
Biography of journalist Elizabeth Thompson and bibliography including comments on each work.
Ernest Jones
Biography of journalist Ernest Jones and bibliography including comments on each work.
Fanny Wright
Biography of writer Fanny Wright and bibliography including comments on each work.
Fenner Brockway
Biography of journalist Fenner Brockway and bibliography including comments on each work.
Francis Carruthers Gould
Biography of political cartoonist Francis Carruthers Gould.
Frank Holl
Biography of journalist Frank Holl and bibliography including comments on each work.
Frederick Walker
Biography of journalist Frederick Walter and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Bernard Shaw
Biography of journalist George Bernard Shaw and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Cruikshank
Biography of journalist George Cruikshank and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Holyoake
Biography of journalist George Holyoake and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Julian Harney
Biography of journalist George Julian Harney and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Lansbury
Biography of journalist George Lansbury and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Orwell
Biography of writer George Orwell and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Scharf
Biography of journalist George Scharf and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Sims
Biography of journalist George Sims and bibliography including comments on each work.
George Walker
Biography of architect George Walker.
Gustave Dore
Biography of illustrator Gustave Dore and bibliography including comments on each work.
H. G. Wells
Biography of journalist H. G. Wells and bibliography including comments on each work.
H. N. Brailsford
Biography of journalist H. N. Brailsford and bibliography including comments on each work.
Harold Nicholson
Biography of journalist Harold Nicholson and bibliography including comments on each work.
Harriet Martineau
Biography of journalist Harriet Martineau and bibliography including comments on each work.
Harry Furniss
Biography of journalist Harry Furniss and bibliography including comments on each work.
Henry George
Biography of journalist Henry George and bibliography including comments on each work.
Henry Hetherington
Biography of journalist Henry Hetherington and bibliography including comments on each work.
Henry Mayhew
Biography of journalist Henry Mayhew and bibliography including comments on each work.
Household Words
History and description of newspaper Household Words.
Hubert Bland
Biography of journalist Hubert Bland and bibliography including comments on each work.
Hubert von Herkomer
Biography of journalist Hubert von Herkomer and bibliography including comments on each work.
Illustrated London News
History and description of newspaper Illustrated London News.
Isaac Cruikshank
Biography of journalist Isaac Cruikshank and bibliography including comments on each work.
J. B. Priestley
Biography of journalist J. B. Priestley and bibliography including comments on each work.
J. M. W. Turner
Biography of journalist J. M. W. Turner and bibliography including comments on each work.
James Bronterre O'Brien
Journalist and editor of the Poor Man's Guardian. Active in the Chartist movement and was arrested and charged with making a seditious speech in Manchester. Wrote for other publications, such as The Reynolds Weekly and the Glasgow Sentinel. (1805-1864)
James Gillray
Artist, engraver, and contributor to late 18th century and early 19th century Tory political journals.
James Greenwood
The son of a coach-builder, was born in London in the 1840s. As a young man he obtained employment on the Pall Mall Gazette, and later joined the Daily Telegraph. Sympathetic to the plight of the working-class, Greenwood wrote several articles highlighting the problems of poor housing and public heath.
James Leigh Hunt
Essayist, poet and editor. Started a political journal called the Examiner which gave support to radicals in Parliament. (1784-1859)
James Mill
Minister, historian, and journalist noted for "History of British India", a book which was completed in 1817.
James Watson
Journalist. Publisher of the newspaper, the Working Man's Friend, in which he attacked the 1832 Reform Act.(1799-1874).
James Wroe
Journalist and publisher of radical newspaper, the Manchester Observer. Helped form the Patriotic Union Society, a group dedicated to obtain parliamentary reform. (1788-1844)
John Cleave
Worked with Henry Hetherington in the Civil and Religious Association. Started newspaper "Cleave's Weekly Police Gazette" and campaigned for political reform. (1790-1847)
John Cooke Bourne
Lithograph artist who produced the book, Drawings of the London and Birmingham Railway. Includes illustration. (1814-1896) [ Delete ]
John Doyle
Pioneering caricature artist and contributior to "The Times".
John Edward Taylor
Unitarian minister in Ilminster but became a Quaker and opened a school in Bristol. Advocate of parliamentary reform. Contributer to newspapers including the Manchester Gazette. (1791-1844)
John Forster
Author of several books, and editor of the Daily News. (1812-1876)
John Leech
Illustrator and political cartoonist for journals including Punch. (1817-1864)
John Morley
Elected to the House of Commons in 1883. Staunch supporter of Irish Home Rule and parliamentary reform. Was opposed to Britain's involvement in the First World War and resigned from the government. (1838-1923)
John Ruskin
Was one of Britain's leading writers on culture. Became interested in politics. In his books he argued against competition and self-interest and advocated a form of Christian Socialism. (1819-1900)
John Saxton
Born 1776. Helped to establish the radical Manchester Observer.
John Stuart Mill
Wrote a large number of books on philosophy and economics, including A System of Logic; Principles of Political Economy; On Liberty; Considerations on Representative Government; and Utilitarianism. Served in the House of Commons. (1806-1873)
John Tenniel
Political cartoonist and contributor to Punch. (1820-1914)
John Tyas
Reporter for the Times, noted for coverage of the Peterloo Massacre in 1819.
John Wade
Journalist who wrote several articles in favor of parliamentary reform. (1788-1875)
John Wilkes
Elected MP for Aylesbury. Established The North Briton, a newspaper that severely attacked the king and his Prime Minister. Campaigned for religious toleration and introduced the first motion for parliamentary reform. (1725-1797)
Joseph Gales
Unitarian, publisher of radical newspaper, and political activist who supported parliamentary reform and universal suffrage. (1761-1841)
Justice
Weekly newspaper published by the Social Democratic Federation in 1884. Continued publication until 1925.
Katharine Glasier
Christian Socialist who supported the campaign for complete adult suffrage. Became editor of the Labour Leader newspaper and took an anti-war stand. Includes excerpts from various writings. (1867-1950)
Lansbury's Labour Weekly
Left-wing newspaper first published in 1925. Rapidly reached a circulation of 172,000 and provided an important source of news during the 1926 General Strike. Ceased publication in 1927.
Linley Sambourne
Abstract: Born in London in 1844. Apprenticed as a draughtsman in marine engineering. In 1867 the editor of Punch offered him a job on the magazine where he worked for 40 years until his death in 1910. He also worked as a book illustrator and is best known for his illustrations in Charles Kingsley's Water Babies and Hans Christian Andersen's Fairly Tales.
Liverpool Mercury
Abstract: This was one of the newspapers to have representatives on hand during the suppresion of a public meeting at St. Peter's Field in manchester, England on 16th August, 1819. John Smith, its editor escaped before the Manchester & Salford Yeomanry made their arrests. Writing a critical report on the behaviour of the soldiers at the Peterloo Massacre, Smith also published a pamphlet on the subject.
Luke Fildes
Abstract: Born in Liverpool in 1843, his grandmother was a political activist and one of the speakers at the Peterloo Massacre. In 1869 he joined Graphic magazine and was asked to provide an illustration to accompany an article on the Houseless Poor Act. He soon became a popular artist and by 1870 he had turned his full attention to oil painting. His belief in realism sometimes caused him problems with his portrait subjects. He painted several members of the royal family. He was knighted in 1906 and died in 1918.
Manchester Chronicle
Abstract: One of four Tory newspapers in Manchester during the early part of the 19th Century and the most popular Tory paper in the city, selling over 3,000 copies a week. Over half of the paper was taken up with advertisement. Although it was considered a dull newspaper, the Manchester Chronicle had a loyal following with those who opposed social reform. The Manchester Chronicle ceased publication in 1842.
Manchester Exchange Herald
Abstract: Founded by Joseph Aston in 1809 the Exchange Herald appeared every Tuesday. John Aston, its founder virtually wrote the whole newspaper himself and it is believed that he was the author of the report that appeared in the Exchange Herald about the Peterloo Massacre in 1819.
Manchester Gazette
Abstract: Founded 1795. William Cowdry and his four sons were responsible for writing and printing the newspaper. Although it was considered to be of poor quality, it was purchased because it was the only non-Tory paper in Manchester.In 1814, with sales of only 250, the editor decided to improve the quality of the newspaper by encouraging members of a political reform group to contribute articles. By 1819 the Manchester Gazette was selling over 1,000 copies a week. The arrival of the Manchester Guardian in 1821 meant that Cowdroy lost all his best writers. The Manchester Gazette found it difficult to compete with the fast-growing Manchester Guardian. In 1828 due to bankruptcy the Manchester Gazette was forced to close.
Manchester Guardian
Abstract: The first edition appeared on Saturday 5th May, 1821 and cost 7d. The Manchester Guardian, like all newspapers based outside of London, could only afford to publish once a week. When the Manchester Guardian was first published in 1821, Manchester had six other weekly newspapers. With the arrival of the Manchester Guardian, the Manchester Observer decided to cease publication. A prospectus for the Guardian explained the aims and objectives of the proposed newspaper including the passage: "It will zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty, it will warmly advocate the cause of Reform; it will endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy."
Manchester Herald
Abstract: By the summer of 1791, the editors of the Manchester Mercury and the Manchester Chronicle became reluctant to give the reformers Thomas Walker and Thomas Cooper publicity. They decided to edit their own newspaper, the Manchester Herald. A local firm, Faulkner & Birch, agreed to print it and the first edition was published on 31st March 1792. By 1794 the authorities decided to prosecute the Manchester Herald out of existence. Within a short space of time the publishers of the newspaper were charged with five separate offences and after a year accepted defeat and ceased publication.
Manchester Observer
Abstract: Formed in January 1818 by a group of radicals, within twelve months the newspaper was selling 4,000 copies a week. It has been argued that the newspaper pioneered popular journalism with its racy style aimed at an literate working-class. Although it started as a local paper, by 1819 it was sold in most of the large towns and cities in Britain. James Wroe, the editor of the Manchester Observer, was at the St. Peter's Field meeting in 1819 and described the attack on the crowd in the next edition of the newspaper and is believed to be the first person to describe the incident as the Peterloo Massacre. With the arrival of the Manchester Guardian in 1821 the Manchester Observer decided to cease publication.
Maude Pember Reeves
Abstract: The daughter of a bank manager, she was born in Australia in 1865. In her youth she had been involved in the successful campaign to obtain women the vote in New Zealand. Soon after arriving in England with her husband, she became active in a variety of women's organisations including the Women's Trade Union League, the NUWSSand the National Anti-Sweating League. She was a socialist and was active in the Fabian Society and in 1907 founded the Fabian Women's Group which campaigned for equal rights for women and state support for motherhood. After the outbreak of the First World War, she worked as Director of the Education and Propaganda Department of the Ministry of Food. She died in 1953.
Pall Mall Gazette
Abstract: Founded in February, 1865 as an evening newspaper, the original idea was to digest the news from the morning papers and to publish substantial articles on political and social questions. In 1883 the Pall Mall Gazette carried a series of articles on the subject of child prostitution. Sales of the newspaper increased from 8,000 to 12,000. In 1885 it exposed what had become known as the white slave traffic. As a result of the publicity that coverage of the Armstrong case generated, Parliament in 1885 passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act, a measure that raised the age of consent from thirteen to sixteen. Contributors over the years have included Oscar Wilde, H. G. Wells, and Rudyard Kipling. The Pall Mall Gazette was incorporated into the Evening Standard in 1923.
Phil May
Abstract: Born near Leeds in 1864 and orphaned at the age of nine, he endured several years of poverty. He moved from one job to another and ended up begging on the streets. He was a talented artist and discovered he could make a living by drawing stage celebrities and selling the pictures to theatre fans, which earned him employment as a cartoonist. Between 1885 and 1903 he worked for the Sydney Bulletin, did some book illustrating, was employed by the Graphic, and began contributing cartoons to Punch. A heavy drinker, coupled with his early poverty caused him serious health problems. He died in 1903 from a wasting disease at age thirty-nine.
Political Register
Abstract: Started in 1802, The Political Register supported the Tories but he gradually became more radical. By 1815 the tax on newspapers had reached 4d. a copy and as few people could afford to pay 6d. or 7d., the tax restricted the circulation to people with fairly high incomes. Circulation was just over a thousand copies a week. The following year the Political Register was published as a pamphlet selling for only 2d. and it soon had a circulation of 40,000 as the main newspaper read by the working class.
Punch Magazine
Abstract: One evening in June, 1841, reforming liberals met to discuss the possibility of starting a new journal. The plan was to combine humour and political comment. the meeting someone remarked that a humourous magazine, like good punch, needed lemon ans so the name of the paper was born. Douglas Jerrold was probably the most important journalist on the magazine, but other writers contributed widely.
Richard Carlile
Abstract: The son of a shoemaker from Ashburton in Devon, was born on 9th December, 1790. Richard's father abandoned the family in 1794 and it was a struggle for his mother to look after her three children from the profits of the small shop that she ran in Ashburton. Richard received six years free education from the local Church of England school and learnt to read and write. At the age of twelve Richard left school and was apprenticed as a tinplateman in Plymouth. He would go on to become one of the many who led the fight for a free press.
Richard Doyle
Abstract: Born in London in in 1824 and educated at home by his father he began having art work published at the age of fifteen. The book, The Eglinton Tournament, was a great success. In 1840 Richard produced an illustrated journal of the events that took place that year. The journal includes outings to the opera, concerts, Regent's Park Zoo, the Royal Academy, the National Gallery and the Tower of London. He illustrated books including works by Charles Dickens (Battle of Life), John Ruskin (King of the Golden River) William Makepeace Thackeray (Rebecca and Rowena, Newcomes) and Leigh Hunt. Richard Doyle died in 1883.
Robert Blatchford
Abstract: Born in Maidstone in 1851, the son of an actor, his father died when he was two and at the age of fourteen he was apprenticed as a brushmaker. He disliked the work and ran away to join the army where he reached the rank of sergeant major before leaving the service in 1878. After trying a variety of different jobs he became a freelance journalist. After working for several newspapers he became leader writer for the Sunday Chronicle in Manchester. While he became a socialist and lobbied for their cause, after the First World War he moved to the right and became a passionate advocate of the British Empire. Robert Blatchford died on 17th December 1943.
Robert Sherard
Abstract: Born in Melton Mowbray in 1861, the was the son of Rev. Bennet Sherard Kennedy and a great grandson of William Wordsworth. After being educated at Oxford University, he became a professional journalist working for a wide variety of different newspapers and magazines, particularly interested in writing about working conditions and urban poverty. He was commissioned by the editor of The London Magazine to write several articles on child labour. These collected articles were published as The Child Slaves of Britain in 1905. He died in 1943.
Robert Southey
Abstract: Born in Bristol in 1774. After his father's death an uncle sent him to Westminster School but he was expelled in 1792 after denouncing flogging in the school magazine. In 1795 Southey married Edith Fricker, whose elder sister, Sara Fricker, married Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In 1813 Robert Southey was appointed poet laureate. Southey was criticised by Lord Byron and William Hazlitt who accused him of betraying his political principles for money. Southey wrote several books between 1824 and 1835. He died in 1843.
Rudolf Ackermann
British lithographer and publisher of art magazines (1764-1834).
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
British poet and journalist (1772-1834).
Shirley Brooks
Published in Punch Magazine where he raised awareness to the condition of the labouring class. He later edited the magazine (1816-1874).
The Anti-Jacobin
Published from 20th November 1797 to 7th July 1798, intended to combat radical political ideas which emerged shortly after the French Revolution.
The Athenaeum
Weekly literary review published from 1822 until it was absorbed into another periodical, the Nation, in 1921.
The Bee-Hive
A trade union weekly newspaper established in 1861, biased heavily towards socialist and labour issues.
The Black Dwarf
A radical unstamped journal, which was critical of Lord Liverpool and his government. Regularly called for parlementary reform.
The Clarion
A socialist weekly established by Robert Blatchford in 1890.
The Commonweal
Socialist journal of the late 1800`s.
The Cornhill Magazine
Journal specializing in serial publication of novels. Published from 1860 to 1975.
The Daily Mail
First published in 1896, noted for focusing on readability and for catering to a general audience. Published prior to the first world war a series of articles warning against the dangers of a war with Germany.
The Daily News
Published from 1846 to 1930, when it became the News Chronicle. Featured contributions by noted liberal authors including H. G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, Henry Massingham, and Charles Mackay.
The Daily Telegraph
First published as the Daily Telegraph and Courier in 1855, and grew rapidly in circulation partly due to its pricing. Early on, leaned towards liberal causes such as abolishing capital punishment, but later favored Conservative interests.
The Edinburgh Review
History and description of newspaper The Edinburgh Review.
The Evening News
History and description of newspaper The Evening News.
The Examiner
History and description of newspaper The Examiner.
The Graphic
History and description of newspaper The Graphic.
The Labour Elector
Founded by Henry Hyde Champion, Tom Mann and John Burns in 1888. Paper campaigned for the eight-hour day, denounced bad employers and criticized trade union Liberal MPs in the House of Commons.
The Leeds Mercury
Newspaper edited by Edward Baines, an ardent advocate of parliamentary reform and supporter of the Liberal Party.
The Leeds Times
Middle-class radical newspaper founded in 1833. Attempted to unite working and middle class reformers and favored factory legislation.
The London Magazine
Abstract: Founded in 1820 as a rival to the Gentleman's Magazine, it was a non-political magazine that concentrated on the world of literature championing the work of young writers such as William Wordsworth, Charles Lamb, Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt and Thomas Carlyle. In the early part of the 20th century the London Magazine employed some of Britain's top cartoonists.
The Morning Chronicle
Abstract: First established in 1769, it became a more successful newspaper after it was acquired by James Perry, a supporter of the Whigs, in 1789. Staffed by well known radicals, sales of the Morning Chronicle gradually increased and by 1810 the newspaper had a circulation of 7,000. The Morning Chronicle ceased publication in 1862.
The National Reformer
Abstract: In 1860, two members of the Sheffield Secular Society formed a new journal. They believed that religion was blocking progress and advocated what they called an atheistic Secularism. The newspaper advocated a whole range of reforms including universal suffrage and republicanism. Sales of the National Reformer reached 5,000 but in 1861 one of the founders left the journal because he disagreed with the advocacy of birth control.
The New Statesman
Abstract: In 1912 the Fabian Society published the first edition of its own weekly journal. George Bernard Shaw promised to provide regular articles and Beatrice Webb sent out letters to Fabian Society members and to those involved in her Poor Law campaign. These letters recruited over 2,000 people willing to become postal subscribers. The New Statesman received a hostile reception from a former Fabian and the editor of the political weekly, The Nation. In the 1930's an amalgamation of the two journals occured. Kingsley Martin was editor of the New Statesman & Nation for over thirty years and during this time he established it as Britain's leading intellectual weekly.
The North Briton
Abstract: In June 1762 MP John Wilkes established The North Briton, a weekly newspaper in opposition to The Briton, a journal that supported the Earl of Bute's administration as King George III's prime minister. For the next forty-five weeks the North Briton severely attacked the king and his Prime Minister. After one article Wilkes was arrested for seditious libel but at a court hearing the Lord Chief Justice ruled that as an MP, Wilkes was protected by privilege from arrest on a charge of libel. However, the government was successful in stopping Wilkes from publishing further editions of the North Briton.
The Northern Star
Abstract: The first edition of the Northern Star was published on 26th May, 1838 as a radical newspaper. Although the paper paid the 4d. stamp duty O'Connor denounced it as a tax on free speech. Within four months of starting publication, the Northern Star was selling 10,000 copies a week. By the summer of 1839 circulation of the Northern Star reached over 50,000 a week. The fortunes of the Northern Star declined with those of the Chartist movement. By the end of 1851 sales of the newspaper had fallen to 1,200 a week.
The Observer
Abstract: The first edition of The Observer was published on 4th December 1791. Three years later the newspaper was £1,600 in debt. Although unwilling to buy The Observer, the government agreed to help subsidise the newspaper in return for influencing its content through editorials praising government's policy. It also guaranteed that the Observer would not give its support to other writers advocating parliamentary reform.
The Poor Man's Guardian
Abstract: The Poor Man's Guardian was published up until July 1831 as the Penny Papers. the publisher refused to pay the stamp duty on each paper sold. On the front page, where the red spot of the stamp duty should have been, Hetherington printed the slogan "Knowledge is Power". Underneath were the words, "Published in Defiance of the Law, to try the Power of Right against Might". By 1833 circulation had reached 22,000, with two-thirds of the copies being sold in the provinces. In a three year period, twenty-five of these forty agents went to prison for selling an unstamped newspaper. The campaign for an untaxed press obtained a boast in June 1834 when it was ruled that the Poor Man's Guardian was not an illegal publication. In December, 1835, it ceased publication.
The Quarterly Review
Abstract: Established in 1809 as a Tory rival to the Whig supporting Edinburgh Review, the idea for the journal came from Sir Walter Scott. The Quarterly Review stood politically for preserving the status quo. The journal was very hostile to the work of writers in favour of political reform. Writers such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt, Thomas Babington Macaulay and Charles Dickens all received hostile reviews in the journal, whereas the work of Jane Austin and Sir Walter Scott was warmly praised. It was alleged that John Wilson Croker's savage review of John Keat's Endymion contributed to the poet's early death. The Quarterly Review ceased publication in 1967.
The Red Republican
Abstract: In 1848 Harney, editor of the Northern Star, resigned and formed his own newspaper, the Red Republican. In the paper Harney attempted to educate his working class readers about socialism and internationalism. Harney also attempted to convert the trade union movement to socialism. In 1850 the Red Republican published the first English translation of The Communist Manifesto. The newspaper was not a financial success and was closed down in December, 1850.
The Republican
Started in 1817 as Sherwin's Political Register, later changed its name to the Republican. Published article on the Peterloo Massacre, Tom Paine's Common Sense, The Rights of Man and the Age of Reason.
The Sheffield Register
Initially published by Joseph Gales in 1792, The Sheffield Register emphasized local concerns and disseminated radical political views. Gales stopped publishing and fleed England in 1794 to escape prosecution.
The Spectator
The oldest continuously published magazine in the English language, beginning in 1828.
The Times
The Times was founded in 1788 by newsprint publisher John Walter in the hopes of reaching a widespread audience. After Walter was imprisoned for printing a critique of the Prince of Wales, his son, John Walter II, steered The Times into further controversy by printing articles favoring parliamentary reform. The Times was later successively edited by Thomas Barnes, John Delane and Thomas Chernery. Purchased by Lord Northcliffe in 1908, who hired Geoffrey Dawson as an editor, and later Henry Wickham Steed., The Times was passed on to John Jacob Astor following Lord Northcliffe's death in 1922.
The Westminster Review
Established in 1824, it was a proponent of parliamentary reform and featured the works of progressive intellectuals.
Thomas Barnes
Editor of The Times from 1817 to 1841, who innovated by sending journalists to political meetings and advocated parlimentary reform following the Peterloo Massacre. (1785-1841)
Thomas Bury
Painter of railways (1811-1877).
Thomas Carlyle
Writer and journalist who initially held progressive political views, and became increasingly conservative (1795-1881).
Thomas Gainsborough
Portraitist (1727-1788). who developped the theme of group portraits set in a realistic landscape.
Thomas Lawrence
Royal painter, knighted in 1815, and past president of the Royal Academy (1769-1830).
Thomas Rowlandson
Illustrator of books and magazines, specializing in historical events and the city of London (1756-1827).
Thomas Spence
A radical journalist, Spence was not detered by his commercial failures, poverty, and prosecution over his ideas (1750-1820).
Tom Mann
A trade unionist and communist, Tom Mann was one of the three leaders of the London dock strike in 1889 (1856-1941).
Tom Paine
An abolitionist, critic of religion and advocate of the abolition of monarchy in favor of democracy, Thomas Paine authored The Age of Reason and The Rights of Man(1737-1809).
Tribune
A leftist weekly founded by Victor Gollancz in 1936.
Victor Weisz
A German Jew who fled to England when Hitler gained power, this political cartoonist signed his work "Vicky" (1913-1966).
Vincent Dowling
First a reporter for The Observer, he was recruited to spy of the Spenceans, a group demanding parliamentary reform. Called to the witness stand at the trial of some of its leaders, his testimony was deemed unreliable by the jury.
Will Dyson
Australian political cartoonist (1880-1938).
William Benbow
A journalist whose radical views lead to his death in prison, he supported universal suffrage, annual parliaments and the secret ballot (1784-1841).
William Blake
Poet, painter and engraver. He became increasingly radical in his political views and religously inflammed. Following a skirmish where he damned the King, he sank into obscurity (1757-1827).
William Clarke
Contributor to The Spectator and The Economist, with socialist views (1852-1901).
William Cobbett
Founder of the Political Register, his critic of government frequently placed him in danger of being emprisoned(1763-1835).
William Hazlitt
At first an essayist and critic of political corruption, Hazlitt penned several books about English litterature (1778-1830).
William Hogarth
A publisher of political satires, he was also known for his allegorical paintings, anti-war sentiments and denunciation of political corruption (1697-1764).
William Morris
A contributor to several publications, he was a vocal and impassioned advocate of revolutionary international socialism. He penned the utopia News From Nowhere (1834-1896).
William Powell Frith
Portrait painter famous for his crowd scenes, of which he sold engraved copies (1819-1909).
William Pyne
Illustrator of books about contemporary London costumes and daily life, he died while in jail for unpaid debts (1769-1843).
William Stead
This religious non-conformist who edited the Northern Echo and the Pall Mall Review supported the trade union movement, condemned the international arms race as well as child prostitution. A member of Parliament, he died in the sinking of the Titanic (1849-1912).
William Thackeray
Contributor to Punch Magazine and more famously, author of Vanity Fair (1811-1863).
Workers' Dreadnought
First named the Women's Dreadnought when founded in 1912 by Sylvia Pankhurst, the Workers' Dreadnought had a socialist and feminist slant.